| University | Open Polytechnic (OP) |
| Subject | ACCY6107: Research Methods |
Weighting
20%
Learning outcomes
- Analyse the role of quantitative and qualitative research in organisational contexts.
- Apply principles and methods of research to inform decision-making in an organisational context.
Instructions
Complete and submit your assessment according to the Open Polytechnic’s Assessments webpage. This includes information on academic integrity, formatting, word limits and referencing.
- Include your name, student number and the assessment number.
- Number your pages.
Submission
- Submit your assessment in one file.
- Submit your work through your iQualify course.
- Emailed assessments will not be accepted.
- You will receive an automated notice advising you of your successful submission.
By submitting your assessment, you confirm that it is your own, original work.
Overview
For this assessment, you will develop one PowerPoint presentation centred around a quantitative research project evaluating how digital payment technologies reshape financial transactions in New Zealand.
This project requires you to engage in various research activities, including data collection, sampling methods, analysing data using descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing.
Additionally, you will narrate your presentation, providing an audio explanation for each slide, tailored for a professional audience.
Scenario
The rapid growth of digital payment technologies has reshaped how individuals in New Zealand conduct financial transactions. This assessment focuses on analysing survey data related to the uptake of digital wallets (such as Apple Pay, Google Pay or other mobile wallet applications) by the general public. Students will explore the relationships between demographic variables (age and income group) and behavioural factors such as perceived adaptability to new technology and concern about safety risks.
You have been hired by a Wellington-based financial services firm conducting market research to inform product development and marketing strategies for digital wallet services.
Research project
Your task is to assist the research team in evaluating how users of digital wallet solutions perceive risk and safety issues when using such payment technology and how people adapt to digital wallet technologies.
Research questions
- To what extent do digital wallet solutions bear significant concerns about safety and risks from a user perspective?
- What is the technology adaptation rate amongst potential users?
- Do demographic factors (including age and income) influence adaptation rates and perceived safety concerns amongst users?
Technology overview
Should the technologies used in the case scenario be something you are not familiar with, here is an explanation.
Digital wallet
A digital wallet is a software-based system that securely stores payment information, passwords and various digital credentials on connected devices such as smartphones or computers. Primarily used on mobile devices, digital wallets enable users to make payments without needing physical cards by storing credit cards, debit cards or bank account details. Beyond payments, they can also hold gift cards, loyalty and membership cards, coupons, event and travel tickets, hotel reservations, ID cards (in select countries), cryptocurrency and even digital car keys, offering a convenient and secure alternative to traditional wallets.
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Tasks
Task 1: Data collection
Your team leader has asked you to present to the team an outline of what data collection methods may be beneficial to this research project. Develop a short slideshow presentation of a maximum of four slides where you address the following questions.
- Explain the types and sources of data available for the above research project.
- Choose and explain the data collection method you recommend for the research project. Justify your answer. As part of your answer, include ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance.
Record yourself presenting your slides over approximately 1–2 minutes.
(10 marks)
Task 2: Sampling for quantitative research
After determining the data collection method, the team is divided into subgroups. Your group is tasked with developing a survey targeting users and potential users of digital wallets.
Continue your slideshow by creating up to three additional slides that address the following questions.
- Select and explain an appropriate sampling method and justify your chosen method.
- Describe the population, proposed sampling method and a typical sampling unit in the context of your chosen sampling method.
- Outline one potential sampling error and a strategy to mitigate the risk of such a sampling error.
Record yourself presenting your slides for approximately 3 minutes.
(20 marks)
Task 3: Descriptive statistics
Assume the survey via traditional channels is completed and you now have access to the raw data of the survey.
In the provided file labelled Digital_Wallet_Survey_Raw_Data, you will find raw data from a survey of 120 respondents (n = 120).
Your team leader asks you to start analysing this raw data. As a first step, you need to provide some descriptive statistics concerning the survey data.
Continue your slideshow by creating up to two slides where you address the following questions.
Using two different descriptive graphical statistical tools for each variable (age and income levels), how would you describe your respondents’
o age
o income levels?
Record yourself presenting your slides for approximately 2 minutes.
(10 marks)
Task 4: Hypothesis testing
Your team leader now asks you to test the following hypothesis.
- Safety concerns about digital wallet technologies differ across age groups.
Continue your slideshow by creating up to three slides in which you address the following questions.
- Select and explain a methodology for hypothesis testing that is appropriate for the outlined hypothesis and the provided data set (parametric tests, chi-square or nonparametric tests).State your hypothesis, justify your selected hypothesis testing methodology, and explain why other options would be inadequate.
Please note that the dataset describes the relevant variables for hypothesis testing as one ordinal variable and one ratio variable. - Present the results of your hypothesis testing. Explain the results in the context of the research project.
Please ensure your presentation refers to the purpose of the research outlined in the scenario.
Record yourself presenting your slides for approximately 3–4 minutes.
(45 marks)
Overall presentation and referencing
Marks will be awarded for the overall presentation of all slides and audio, including time limits, suggested number of slides, grammar, spelling, structure, flow, appropriate acknowledgements, quoting and referencing in APA 7th style.
(15 marks)
(Total: 100 marks)
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Marking schedule
| Task 1 | 8–10 marks | 6.5–7.5 marks | 5–6 marks | 4–4.5 marks | 1–3.5 marks |
| 1a) Explain the types and sources of data available for the above research project. | Thoroughly explains the importance of robust data collection in the context of the research project. Offers a thorough explanation of data types and their role in the project. Clearly identifies two data sources suitable for the project. | Clearly explains the importance of robust data collection in the context of the research project. Offers a thorough explanation of data types but may miss minor details while describing their role in the project. Clearly identifies two data sources suitable for the project with minor details missing. | Explains the importance of robust data collection in the context of the research project, but the explanation lacks depth or clarity. Offers a basic explanation of data types and their role in the project but may have some gaps in the explanation. Identifies two data sources suitable for the project with a basic justification. | Describes the importance of data collection in the context of the research project, with significant details missing. Offers a superficial explanation of data types and their role in the project, missing key aspects. Identifies two data sources for the project with significant gaps in justification. | Fails to explain or vaguely explains the importance of data collection in the context of the research project. Offers little to no explanation of data types and their role in the project. Identifies no or one data source for the project with no justification or significant gaps in the justification. |
| 1b) Choose and explain the data collection method you recommend for the research project. Justify your answer, including ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance. | Clearly identifies and strongly justifies a data collection method appropriate for the project. Provides a comprehensive overview of considerations and challenges in data collection, which includes ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance methods. | Clearly identifies and strongly justifies a data collection method appropriate for the project with minor gaps in details. Provides a detailed overview of considerations and challenges in data collection, which includes ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance methods. Minor oversights may be found. | Correctly Identifies and adequately justifies a data collection method appropriate for the project, though some aspects may lack depth. Provides a basic overview of considerations and challenges in data collection, which includes ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance methods. | Mentions a data collection method with a limited justification, lacking relevance to the project. Provides a superficial overview of considerations and challenges in data collection, which includes a vague reference to ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance methods. | Does not identify or incorrectly identifies a data collection method with no justification. Provides little to no discussion about considerations and challenges in data collection. No, vague or irrelevant reference to ethical concerns, bias mitigation strategies and quality assurance methods. |
| Task 2 | 16–20 marks | 13–15.5 marks | 10–12.5 marks | 8–9.5 marks | 1–7.5 marks |
| 2a) Select and explain an appropriate sampling method and justify your chosen method. | Clearly identifies a specific sampling method highly suitable for the research project. Strongly justifies the chosen method and its application to the research. Thoroughly explains how the identified method is highly relevant to the project. | Clearly identifies a specific sampling method suitable for the research project. Minor oversights might be found. Strongly justifies the chosen method and its application to the research with minor omissions in details. Explains how the identified method is relevant to the project with slight gaps in details. | Identifies a specific sampling method somewhat suitable for the research project. There may be gaps in the details. Adequately justifies the chosen method and its application to the research, but the justification lacks depth with some key details missing. Adequately explains how the identified method is relevant to the project though the explanation is underdeveloped with some key details missing. | Identifies a specific sampling method with significant gaps in the relevance to the research project. Superficially justifies the chosen method and its application to the research with significant details missing. Gives a limited and vague explanation of how the identified method is relevant to the project, with significant details missing. | Does not identify or identifies a sampling method which is not relevant to the research project and significantly lacks specificity. Offers a minimal to no justification of the chosen method’s relevance and its application to the project. |
| 2b) Describe the population, proposed sampling method and a typical sampling unit in the context of your chosen sampling method. | Provides a clear definition of population in relation to this project. Clearly details the population’s demographics, including age, location and literacy levels. Clearly outlines the proposed sampling method and typical sampling unit. Explicitly articulates the relationships between the population, sampling method and sampling unit. | Provides a clear definition of population in relation to this project. Clearly details the population’s demographics, including age, location and literacy levels, though with minor omissions. Clearly outlines the proposed sampling method and typical sampling unit, though with minor omissions in details. Explicitly articulates the relationships between the population, sampling method and sampling unit with slight gaps in details. | Provides a basic definition of population in relation to this project. Provides some details about the population’s demographics, including age, location and literacy levels. Outlines the proposed sampling method and typical sampling unit, though with limited clarity. Describes the relationships between the population, sampling method and sampling unit with some key gaps in details. | Provides an incomplete definition of population in relation to this project. Provides minimal details about the population’s demographics, including age, location and literacy levels. Superficially outlines the proposed sampling method and typical sampling unit, with significant details missing. Attempts to describe the relationships between the population, sampling method and sampling unit but lacks clarity with key gaps in details. | Does not define the population adequately in relation to this project. Does not provide the population’s demographics details, including age, location and literacy levels. Does not outline the proposed sampling method and typical sampling unit. Outlines with unclear details or superficially outlines the irrelevant details. Poorly describes or fails to describe the relationships between the population, sampling method and sampling unit, or provides a vague or irrelevant description of this relationship. |
| 2c) Outline one potential sampling error and a strategy to mitigate the risk of such sampling error. | Clearly identifies a specific potential sampling error relevant to the research project and briefly explains why it qualifies as a sampling error. Provides a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the risk of this error. Clearly explains how the strategy effectively addresses the identified error. | Clearly identifies a specific potential sampling error relevant to the research project and briefly explains why it qualifies as a sampling error with minor details missing. Provides a solid strategy to mitigate the risk of this error. Clearly explains how the strategy effectively addresses the identified error, though with slight gaps in details. | Adequately identifies a specific potential sampling error relevant to the research project and briefly explains why it qualifies as a sampling error, with some details missing, making it unclear. Provides a basic strategy to mitigate the risk of this error. Explains how the strategy effectively addresses the identified error, but some connections between the error and strategy may be unclear. | Mentions a specific potential sampling error relevant to the research project with a vague explanation of why it qualifies as an error. Provides a superficial strategy to mitigate the risk of this error. Superficially explains how the strategy effectively addresses the identified error with key details missing and connections between the error and strategy are largely unclear. | Does not identify a specific potential sampling error or identifies one which is not clearly relevant to the research project. Provides minimal to no explanation of why it qualifies as an error. Does not offer a strategy to mitigate the risk of this error or offers one which is not clearly relevant. Does not explain how the strategy addresses the identified error. Little to no connections between the error and strategy is established. |
| Task 3 | 8–10 marks | 6.5–7.5 marks | 5–6 marks | 4–4.5 marks | 1–3.5 marks |
| Using two different descriptive graphical statistical tools for each variable (age and income levels), how would you describe your respondents’ o age o income levels? | Both descriptive graphical statistical tools are used accurately for each variable to illustrate data sets for both age and income level. Provides insightful analysis of age and income levels. Accurately labels all descriptive tools. Briefly explains the descriptive statistical tools used in the answer. | Both descriptive graphical statistical tools are used adequately for each variable to illustrate data sets for both age and income level. There may be minor omissions. Provides very good analysis of age and income levels, with one or two minor omissions. Adequately labels all descriptive tools. Some minor details might be missing. Briefly explains the descriptive statistical tools used in the answer, with minor details missing. | One of the two descriptive graphical statistical tools is used adequately for each variable to illustrate data sets for both age and income level. There may be minor omissions. Provides adequate analysis of age and income levels, with several oversights or inaccuracies. Labels all descriptive tools, but with some inaccuracies. Provides a basic explanation of the descriptive statistical tools used in the answer, with some key details missing. | The use of different descriptive graphical statistical tools for each variable to illustrate data sets for both age and income level shows some gaps in accuracy. Provides analysis of age and income levels with major oversights and/or significant inaccuracies. Labels all descriptive tools, but with significant inaccuracies. Provides a vague explanation of the descriptive statistical tools used in the answer, with key details missing. | The use of two or fewer descriptive graphical statistical tools for each variable to illustrate data sets for both age and income level shows significant inaccuracies. Attempts to provide analysis of age and income levels with irrelevant details. Does not label or incorrectly labels all descriptive tools. Provides little to no explanation of the descriptive statistical tools used in the answer. |
| Task 4 | 36–45 marks | 29–35.5 marks | 22.5–28.5 marks | 18–22 marks | 1–17.5 marks |
| 4a) Select and explain a methodology for hypothesis testing that is appropriate for the outlined hypothesis and the provided data set (parametric tests, chisquare and nonparametric tests). State your hypothesis, justify your selected hypothesis testing methodology, and explain why other options would be inadequate. | Determines the most appropriate hypothesis testing methodology, clearly justifying the choice based on the characteristics of the data. Provides a comprehensive explanation of the chosen methodology, highlighting why it is suitable and why other options are inadequate. Clearly states the hypothesis, aligning perfectly with the research question and methodology. Effectively explains alternative methodologies, accurately explaining their limitations in this context. | Determines an appropriate hypothesis testing methodology and provides a clear justification for the choice based on the characteristics of the data. Provides a clear explanation, with minor oversights, of the chosen methodology, highlighting why it is suitable and why other options are inadequate. Clearly states the hypothesis, mostly aligning with the research question and methodology. Effectively explains alternative methodologies, accurately explaining their limitations in this context, with minor details missing. | Determines a hypothesis testing methodology which is generally appropriate. Provides a reasonable justification for the choice based on the characteristics of the data. Provides a reasonable explanation of the chosen methodology, highlighting why it is suitable and why other options are inadequate though some key details are missing. States the hypothesis, but it may not be fully aligned with the research question and methodology. Explains alternative methodologies and their limitations in this context with key details missing. | Determines a partially suitable hypothesis testing methodology, providing a weak justification for the choice based on the characteristics of the data. Provides a superficial explanation of the chosen methodology, its suitability and the unsuitability of others in this context. States a vague hypothesis which is partially aligned with the research question and methodology. Superficially mentions other methodologies and their limitations in this context. | Incorrect and/or incomplete selection of hypothesis testing methodology based on the provided data set and parameters. Incorrect or missing explanation of why such hypothesis testing methodology is appropriate in context. Does not state a hypothesis or states an irrelevant one that shows little to no alignment with the research question and methodology. Incorrect or insufficient information as to why other methodologies are not appropriate in this context. |
| 4b) Present the results of your hypothesis testing. Explain the results in the context of the research project. | Presents the hypothesis test results clearly, accurately and completely. Thoroughly explains the results in the context of the research project, linking findings to the purpose outlined in the scenario. Accurately interprets results, discussing their implications for research questions and the organisational setting. | Presents the hypothesis test results clearly and accurately, including most relevant details. Explains the results in the context of the research project, linking findings to the purpose outlined in the scenario with minor omissions. Accurately interprets results, discussing their implications for research questions and the | Presents the hypothesis test results adequately but may lack some relevant details. Offers a basic explanation of the results in the context of the research project. Links findings back to the purpose outlined in the scenario, with some key details missing. Offers a basic interpretation of the results with a limited discussion of their implications for research | Presents the hypothesis test results with significant errors. Offers a superficial explanation of the results in the context of the research project. Superficially links findings back to the purpose outlined in the scenario, with significant details missing. Offers superficial interpretation of the results with a limited discussion of | Fails to present the hypothesis test results or presents incomplete and incorrect results. Offers little to no explanation of the results in the context of the research project. Does not link or weakly links findings back to the purpose outlined in the scenario. Fails to interpret the results or offers a superficial interpretation of the results |
| organisational setting with slight oversights. | questions and the organisational settings. | their implications for research questions and the organisational settings, with significant details missing. | with no discussion of their implications for research questions and the organisational settings. | ||
| Overall presentation | 12–15 marks | 10–11.5 marks | 7.5–9.5 marks | 6–7 marks | 1–5.5 marks |
| Marks will be awarded for the overall presentation of all (5 marks each): • slides and audio, including time limits and suggested number of slides • grammar, spelling, structure and flow • appropriate acknowledgements, quoting and referencing in APA 7th style. | Writing style is very clear and easy to read. No spelling and grammar mistakes. Slides are visually clear and well organised using the right number of slides. Audio complements the slides and is clear and coherent, keeping to time limits. Has used credible sources and referenced them correctly using APA 7th style. | Writing style is clear with a few spelling and grammar errors that do not impact overall readability. Slides are visually clear and well organised, though the number of slides is slightly more or less than required. Audio complements the slides and is mostly clear and coherent, mostly keeping to time limits. Has used credible sources and referenced them mostly correctly using APA 7th style. | Writing style is clear, with some spelling and grammar errors that do not significantly impact overall readability. Slides are organised. Visual clarity is compromised on some slides, and the number of slides is more or less than required. Audio mostly complements the slides but may have coherence issues with noticeable deviation from time limits. Has used some credible sources, but several referencing errors are present in APA 7th style. | Attempts to adopt a clear writing style, but difficult to understand due to several spelling and grammar mistakes. Slides are poorly organised and lack clarity, and the number of slides is less than required, making it difficult to organise and cover the required content. Audio somewhat complements the slides, often lacking coherence and significantly deviating from time limits. Most of the sources used are not credible. Several inaccuracies are evident in APA 7th style referencing. | Writing style is unclear and difficult to understand due to several spelling and grammar mistakes. Slides are disorganised and lack clarity, with a significant imbalance in the number of slides, making it difficult to present content in an organised way. Audio does not complement the slides, lacking coherence. Major deviations from time limits. Most of the sources used are not credible. Referencing using APA 7th style is incorrect or absent. |
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