| University | University Of Otago (UO) |
| Subject | Epidemiology |
Cigarette smoking is recognized as one of the leading risk factors for premature death and disability. Recent data show that in 2017, an estimated 22780 deaths in Australia and 4440 deaths in New Zealand (NZ) occurred due to tobacco use. Smoking is also a well-recognized contributor to health inequalities among indigenous and non-indigenous populations of both countries.
Over the last two decades, Australia and NZ have implemented a number of measures to reduce smoking, including restrictions on tobacco advertising, and display of tobacco products, increasing taxation, enforcing smoke-free spaces, and setting periodic targets to reduce smoking, among others. These measures have been largely successful in reducing smoking in both countries.
The prevalence of daily smoking among adults decreased from 23.8% in 1995 to 13.8% in 2017–20186 in Australia, and the prevalence of current smoking (ie, smoking at least once a month) among NZ adults declined from 20.1% in 2006/2007 to 14.2% in 2018/2019 and daily smoking declining from 18.3% to 12.5% in the same period.
The prevalence of smoking among the indigenous population, however, remains high. In NZ, the prevalence of current smoking was 34.0% in Māori vs 12.4% in New Zealand European/other (2018/2019); and in Australia, the prevalence of daily smoking was 42% in indigenous Australians vs 14% in non-indigenous Australians in 2014–2015.
Data on smoking among university students are scarce. A recent study found that 11.1% of university students aged 18–24 years in NZ were current smokers and previous studies reported that 10%–24% of university students aged 17–25 years in Australia were current smokers.
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